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Ireland
Overview
| Flag |  |
| Anthem | Amhrán na bhFiann (The Soldier's Song) Watch on youtube (with lyrics in video description) |
| Capital | Dublin |
| Largest city | Dublin |
| Official language(s) |
|
| Demonym(a name for a resident of a locality, often the same as the name of the people's native language) | Irish |
| Government | Constitutional democracy |
| Area | 70,273 km2, 27,133 sq mi |
| Population | ~ 4.5 million |
| Currency | Euro (EUR) |
| Internet TLD | .ie |
Geography
Society and culture
Notable cultural divides(differences) exist between urban Irish and rural Irish, between the Catholic and Protestant people of Northern Ireland, between the Irish-speaking people and the English-speaking majority population.
Population
As of April 2010, Ireland's estimated population was 4,470,700. The country's population increased significantly(reasonably large in number) in recent years, due to(because of) immigration. In addition, the birth rate in Ireland is currently over double the death rate, which is highly unusual among Western European countries. Approximately 10% of Ireland's population are foreign(from a different country) citizens. The largest group of immigrants comes from the United Kingdom, followed by Poland, Lithuania, Nigeria and Latvia.
Languages
English and Irish are the official languages of Ireland, with English being the dominant(ruling, governing) one. According to the 2006 census, 39% of the population regard themselves as competent in Irish. Road signs are usually bilingual(written in two different languages). Most public notices and print media are in English only. Most Government publications(the communication of information to the general public) are available in both languages. The Polish language is one of the most widely spoken languages in Ireland after English and Irish.
Religion
Ireland's constitution provides for freedom of religion(the right to hold any religious beliefs, and to carry out the practices of any religion). Christianity is the country's predominant religion, with the largest church being the Roman Catholic Church and the second largest being the Church of Ireland. In 2006, 86.8% of the population identified themselves as Roman Catholic, 4.4% described themselves as having no religion, and 1.7% did not respond to the question. According to a study, the country has one of the Western World's highest rates of regular Mass(the principal liturgical service of the Church) attendance. Other significant Protestant denominations are the Presbyterian Church, followed by the Methodist Church.
Government and politics
Ireland is a constitutional(confirming to the formal system of primary principles and laws that regulates a government) republic with a parliamentary(having the supreme executive and legislative power resting with a cabinet of ministers chosen from) system of government. The President of Ireland serves as head of state, and is elected for a seven-year term and can be re-elected only once. The current president is Mary Patricia McAleese. The Oireachtas, which is a bicameral(having two separate legislative chambers or houses) parliament, consists of the President of Ireland, Seanad Éireann (Senate), being the Upper House, and Dáil Éireann (House of Representatives), being the Lower House.
Economy
Ireland is one of the world's most developed countries. In 2006 it had the sixth highest nominal GDP(a measure of the economic production of a particular territory in financial capital terms over a specific time period) per capita. Therefore Ireland is ranked as one of the wealthiest(richest) countries in the OECD(The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). Industry, which accounts for 46% of GDP and about 80% of exports, has replaced agriculture as the country's leading economic sector. Exports play an important role in Ireland's economic growth. The country now ranks as the seventh largest producer of zinc concentrates in the world, and the twelfth largest producer of lead(a heavy, pliable, inelastic metal element) concentrates.
Quelle: http://www.englisch-lernen-online.de/landeskunde/englischsprachige-laender/irland-ireland/
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