Simple Present:
(einfache Form der Gegenwart)

 
   
 
Gebrauch
 
Tagesabläufe, regelmäßige Ereignisse oder Tatsachen, Gefühle oder Zustände beschreiben
 
Struktur
 
  • I/you/we/they + Infinitive
  • he/she/it + Infinitive + s
 
Signalwörter
 
always, never, often, seldom, rarely, sometimes, usually, normally, regularly, etc. every day, every week, every month, …
 
Bejahte Aussage
 
I walk, she walks, they take, he takes
 
Verneinte Aussage
 
I don’t walk, she doesn’t walk, they don’t take, he doesn’t take
 
Fragen
 
Do I walk? Does she walk? Do they take? Does he take?
 
 

Present: Present Progressive
(Verlaufsform der Gegenwart)

 
   
 
Gebrauch
 
Dinge beschreiben, die genau im Moment des Sprechens geschehen, oder die ausnahmsweise geschehen; über einen Plan sprechen, der in der nahen Zukunft ausgeführt wird
 
Struktur
 
am/are/is (simple present form of to be) + Infinitive + ing
 
Signalwörter
 
at the moment, right now, just, now, at present, currently, Look!
 
Bejahte Aussage
 
I am walking, she is walking, they are taking, he is taking
 
Verneinte Aussage
 
I am not walking, she isn't walking, they aren't taking, he isn't taking
 
Fragen
 
Am I walking? Is she walking? Are they taking? Is he taking?
 
 

Past: Simple Past
(Einfache Form der Vergangenheit)

 
   
 
Gebrauch
 
Über Dinge sprechen, die in der Vergangenheit passiert sind und die zum Zeitpunkt des Sprechens abgeschlossen oder vorbei sind
 
Struktur
 
  • Regular verbs: Infinitive + ed
  • Irregular verbs: simple past form
 
Signalwörter
 
yesterday, the other day, in 2009, when, at that time two days ago, a week ago, a month ago, … last night, last week, last month, …
 
Bejahte Aussage
 
I walked, she walked, they took, he took
 
Verneinte Aussage
 
I didn't walk, she didn't walk, they didn't take, he didn't take
 
Fragen
 
Did I walk? Did she walk? Did they take? Did he take?
 
 

Past: Past Progressive
(Verlaufsform der Vergangenheit)

 
   
 
Gebrauch
 
Handlungen oder Dinge beschreiben, die in der Vergangenheit abgelaufen sind, auch wenn etwas anderes den Ablauf plötzlich unterbrach
 
Struktur
 
was/were (simple past form of to be) + Infinitive + ing
 
Signalwörter
 
while
 
Bejahte Aussage
 
I was walking, she was walking, they were taking, he was taking
 
Verneinte Aussage
 
I wasn't walking, she wasn't walking, they weren't taking, he wasn't taking
 
Fragen
 
Was I walking? Was she walking? Were they taking? Was he taking?
 
 

Past: Present Perfect Simple
(vollendete Gegenwart)

 
   
 
Gebrauch
 
Das Ergebnis von etwas betonen, über Dinge sprechen, die zu einem unbekannten Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit geschahen, Dinge beschreiben, die in der Vergangenheit begannen und zum Zeitpunkt des Sprechens noch nicht abgeschlossen sind
 
Struktur
 
have/has (simple present form of to have) + past participle
 
Signalwörter
 
since, for, already, yet, before, ever, never, still not, so far, just, up to now, recently, until now
 
Bejahte Aussage
 
I have walked, she has walked, they have taken, he has taken
 
Verneinte Aussage
 
I haven't walked, she hasn't walked, they haven't taken, he hasn't taken
 
Fragen
 
Have I walked? Has she walked? Have they taken? Has he taken?
 
 

Past: Present Perfect Progressive
(Verlaufsform der vollendeten Vergangenheit)

 
   
 
Gebrauch
 
Die Dauer von etwas betonen, Dinge beschreiben, die in der Vergangenheit begannen und zum Zeitpunkt des Sprechens immer noch andauern und/oder die Gegenwart beeinflussen
 
Struktur
 
have/has (simple present form of to have) + been + Infinitive + ing
 
Signalwörter
 
for, since, how long, all day, all day long, the whole day/week/month/year
 
Bejahte Aussage
 
I have been walking, she has been walking, they have been taking, he has been taking
 
Verneinte Aussage
 
I haven't been walking, she hasn't been walking, they haven't been taking, he hasn't been taking
 
Fragen
 
Have I been walking? Has she been walking? Have they been taking? Has he been taking?
 
 

Past: Past Perfect Simple
(Vorvergangenheit)

 
   
 
Gebrauch
 
Betonen, dass etwas in der Vergangenheit aufhörte oder vorbei war, als etwas anderes begann, die Tatsache beschreiben, dass etwas vor einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt geschah
 
Struktur
 
had (simple past form of to have) + past participle
 
Signalwörter
 
already, until that day, never, just
 
Bejahte Aussage
 
I had walked, she had walked, they had taken, he had taken
 
Verneinte Aussage
 
I hadn't walked, she hadn't walked, they hadn't taken, he hadn't taken
 
Fragen
 
Had I walked? Had she walked? Had they taken? Had he taken?
 
 

Past: Past Perfect Progressive
(Verlaufsform der Vorvergangenheit)

 
   
 
Gebrauch
 
Den Ablauf oder die Dauer von etwas beschreiben, Dinge beschreiben, die in der Vergangenheit geschahen und endeten oder die zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit vorbei waren
 
Struktur
 
had (simple past form of to have) + been + Infinitive + ing
 
Signalwörter
 
for, since, how long, all day, after, before
 
Bejahte Aussage
 
I had been walking, she had been walking, they had been taking, he had been taking
 
Verneinte Aussage
 
I hadn't been walking, she hadn't been walking, they hadn't been taking, he hadn't been taking
 
Fragen
 
Had I been walking? Had she been walking? Had they been taking? Had he been taking?
 
 

Future: Will-Future
(Zukunft)

 
   
 
Gebrauch
 
Dinge beschreiben, die sicherlich in der Zukunft passieren werden, über Erwartungen, Hoffnungen, Annahmen oder spontane Entscheidungen sprechen
 
Struktur
 
will + Infinitive
 
Signalwörter
 
tomorrow, next week/month/year, in 2021, expect, believe, hope, suppose, think, probably
 
Bejahte Aussage
 
I will walk, she will walk, they will take, he will take
 
Verneinte Aussage
 
I won't walk, she won't walk, they won't take, he won't take
 
Fragen
 
Will I walk? Will she walk? Will they take? Will he take?
 
 

Future: Going-to-Future
(Zukunft mit going to)

 
   
 
Gebrauch
 
Zukünftige Pläne, Ziele und Folgen beschreiben, über Dinge sprechen, die in der nahen Zukunft passieren werden
 
Struktur
 
am/are/is (simple present form of to be) + going to + Infinitive
 
Signalwörter
 
tomorrow, next week/month/year, in 2011
 
Bejahte Aussage
 
I am going to walk, she is going to walk, they are going to take, he is going to take
 
Verneinte Aussage
 
I am not going to walk, she isn't going to walk, they aren't going to take, he isn't going to take
 
Fragen
 
Am I going to walk? Is she going to walk? Are they going to take? Is he going to take?
 
 

Future: Future Progressive
(Verlaufsform der Zukunft)

 
   
 
Gebrauch
 
Dinge beschreiben, die zukünftig ablaufen werden, über Dinge sprechen, die normalerweise in der Zukunft geschehen
 
Struktur
 
will + be + Infinitive + ing
 
Signalwörter
 
tomorrow, next week/month/year, in 2041
 
Bejahte Aussage
 
I will be walking, she will be walking, they will be taking, he will be taking
 
Verneinte Aussage
 
I won't be walking, she won't be walking, they won't be taking, he won't be taking
 
Fragen
 
Will I be walking? Will she be walking? Will they be taking? Will he be taking?
 
 

Future: Future Perfect
(vollendete Zukunft)

 
   
 
Gebrauch
 
Über Dinge sprechen, die zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Zukunft abgeschlossen oder vorbei sein werden
 
Struktur
 
will + have + past participle
 
Signalwörter
 
until, before by the end of the day, by the end of the week, by the end of the month, …
 
Bejahte Aussage
 
I will have walked, she will have walked, they will have taken, he will have taken
 
Verneinte Aussage
 
I won't have walked, she won't have walked, they won't have taken, he won't have taken
 
Fragen
 
Will I have walked? Will she have walked? Will they have taken? Will he have taken?
 
 
 
Take a look at the following examples:
Sieh dir die folgenden Beispiele an:
  • Apparently, she had been waiting on that spot for two hours but the bus did not come.
  • He told me that he had been spending every minute with her the week before I arrived.
In the next exercise, you have to fill in the gaps with the correct forms of the past perfect progressive. The past perfect progressive is a tense that is not used very often. A case in which you do use it is when you use indirect speech. This is why, in the exercise below, the sentences you have to complete will all be in indirect speech. That doesn't make it any more difficult though – it only makes the context more logical. For example:
Maria told us that he __________ in the kitchen but she thought he had already been gone.
] Maria told us that he had been waiting in the kitchen but she thought he had already been gone.
Go on and try!
In der nächsten Übung musst du die Lücken mit den korrekten Formen des Past Perfect Progressive füllen. Das Past Perfect Progressive ist eine Zeitform, die nicht sehr oft vorkommt. Ein Fall, in dem es allerdings häufiger vorkommt, ist bei der Indirekten Rede. Deshalb sind die Sätze in der Übung alle in der indirekten Rede. Das macht es allerdings nicht schwieriger – es macht den Kontext nur logischer! Zum Beispiel:
Maria told us that he __________ in the kitchen but she thought he had already been gone.
] Maria told us that he had been waiting in the kitchen but she thought he had already been gone.
Fang an und versuche es!
 
de
  • Pedro told me a story the other day. He said he to go to a grocery store all day, so finally he went. (to plan)
     
  • He said that after he in the direction of the store for 5 minutes already, he realized he had forgotten his keys. (to walk)
     
  • He told me that he that this would happen ever since he moved into his own apartment. (to worry)
     
  • Luckily, his neighbour, to whom he about his worries for hours, had offered to keep a second key for special occasions like this. (to talk)
     
  • I replied that I him to do a stupid thing like that. (to expect)
     
  • As a child he had always forgotten a lot of important things, but we used to him being more careful with these things. (to get)
     
 
 
In the second exercise, you will find all forms of past tenses. You have to mark the different tenses in different colours. Of course, you can only do that if you have studied all the past tenses already.
Each colour stands for a different tense:
  • simple past: purple
  • past progressive: orange
  • present perfect: yellow
  • present perfect progressive: grey
  • past perfect: green
  • past perfect progressive: blue
In der zweiten Übung wirst du alle verschiedenen Vergangenheitszeiten finden. Du musst die verschiedenen Zeitformen in verschiedenen Farben anstreichen. Das geht natürlich nur, wenn du schon alle Vergangenheitszeiten bearbeitet hast.
Jede Farbe steht für eine andere Zeit:
  • Simple Past: lila
  • Past Progressive: orange
  • Present Perfect: gelb
  • Present Perfect Progressive: grau
  • Past Perfect: grün
  • Past Perfect Progressive: blau
 
de
 
 
 
 
 

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